A smart energy meter monitors electricity consumption, providing real-time data on energy usage. This project aims to create a smart energy meter using an ESP32 board and a PZEM-004T module to measure voltage, current, power, energy, and frequency. The collected data will be sent to a cloud platform such as Blynk for remote monitoring. This system allows users to track their energy consumption from any location, providing insights into power usage patterns and helping in energy conservation.

Components used in Smart Energy Meter:

ESP32 Board: A powerful microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, suitable for IoT projects.

PZEM-004T v3.0: A power measurement module that can monitor parameters like voltage, current, power, and energy.

Blynk Cloud: A cloud platform that allows you to monitor and control IoT devices remotely via a mobile app or web interface.

AC Sensor (external Current Transformer, CT): For measuring alternating current (AC) if load is more.

Wi-Fi Connectivity: For sending the data from ESP32 to the Blynk Cloud.

Wiring and Connectors: For connecting the components together.

Working Principle of Smart Energy Meter:

Data Collection: The PZEM-004T module is responsible for measuring the voltage, current, active power, frequency, and total energy consumed by the load (e.g., household appliances). It connects to the electrical system through a current transformer (CT) and voltage sensors.

Data Transmission to ESP32: The ESP32 communicates with the PZEM-004T module via UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) interface to collect real-time data.

Processing and Sending Data to Cloud: The ESP32 processes the collected data and transmits it to the Blynk Cloud using Wi-Fi connectivity. Blynk Cloud allows users to visualize the data via a mobile app or web interface.

User Monitoring: Users can monitor the energy data from their mobile device or web dashboard, receiving real-time updates about their electricity consumption. The Blynk platform also allows users to set up triggers or alerts when energy usage exceeds a certain threshold, enabling proactive management of energy consumption.

Code:

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>
#include <PZEM004Tv30.h>

// Blynk Authentication Token
char auth[] = "YourAuthToken";
// Wi-Fi credentials
char ssid[] = "YourWiFiSSID";
char pass[] = "YourWiFiPassword";

// PZEM communication via serial interface
PZEM004Tv30 pzem(16, 17); // Rx->16, Tx->17

// Virtual pins for Blynk
#define VIRTUAL_PIN_VOLTAGE V1
#define VIRTUAL_PIN_CURRENT V2
#define VIRTUAL_PIN_POWER V3
#define VIRTUAL_PIN_ENERGY V4

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

  // Initialize PZEM
  Serial.println("PZEM-004T Initialization");
}

Circuit Diagram:

Applications:

Home Automation: Monitor and manage the electricity consumption of home appliances remotely.

Industry: Measure the power usage of machinery in real-time, enabling energy-efficient operations.

Renewable Energy Systems: Track the energy produced and consumed in solar or wind energy systems.

Energy Audits: Use the system for auditing energy usage in various setups, providing valuable insights into energy-saving strategies.

Conclusion:

This smart energy meter project using ESP32 and PZEM-004T provides a cost-effective and efficient way to monitor energy consumption in real-time. By leveraging the power of IoT and cloud platforms like Blynk, users can easily track and manage their electricity usage, leading to better energy conservation and cost savings. The system can be further enhanced with automation and notifications, making it highly versatile for both domestic and industrial applications.